Answers for MCQ on human alimentary canal.
Click on the link at the bottom.
75 MCQ ON ALIMENTARY CANAL
PS
Thursday 29 July 2010
Human Alimentary canal- Essay Questions
Click on the link below for the answers to the essay questions for the human alimentary canal.
Human Alimentary canal- Essay Questions
Human Alimentary canal- Essay Questions
Structure Question
Answers for the Structure Questions on human alimentary canal - Please check your answers with the answers from the link below. Questions 9 to Question 17, as i have discussed until question 10 already. Click on the link below, if you can't view it, ask your classmates please. Thank you.
Structured Questions answers
PS
Structured Questions answers
PS
Friday 4 June 2010
Extra class and Remedial class over the holidays.
Extra classes will be on saturday, 8.30am to 10am and 10am to 12pm.
Monday: 8.30 t0 10am, 10 to 11.30.
Tuesday, wednesday and thursday for remedial classes are from 8 to 9.30, 10 to 11.30.
Those who have not done the practical for food test, please feel free to join any of the classes to complete your practical for food test.
Regards
PS
Monday: 8.30 t0 10am, 10 to 11.30.
Tuesday, wednesday and thursday for remedial classes are from 8 to 9.30, 10 to 11.30.
Those who have not done the practical for food test, please feel free to join any of the classes to complete your practical for food test.
Regards
PS
Sunday 9 May 2010
Good Luck!!
Students,
GOOD LUCK FOR THE EXAMINATIONS. I hope you are prepared for your examinations! Don't be a parrot!!! By the way, I have uploaded the answers the the very early topics up again online. Please scroll down to the older post. That particular post is edited.. This time, I am pretty sure that you can open the file. :)
Any questions, you could ask me through the chat box at the side or send an email to me to singkasing@yahoo.com
Lets work harder!!! so that we know that we deserve a good holiday over the two weeks holiday in June!
Regards
PS
GOOD LUCK FOR THE EXAMINATIONS. I hope you are prepared for your examinations! Don't be a parrot!!! By the way, I have uploaded the answers the the very early topics up again online. Please scroll down to the older post. That particular post is edited.. This time, I am pretty sure that you can open the file. :)
Any questions, you could ask me through the chat box at the side or send an email to me to singkasing@yahoo.com
Lets work harder!!! so that we know that we deserve a good holiday over the two weeks holiday in June!
Regards
PS
Topic 5- Dentition
Boys and girls, I have tried to upload it to the usual website so that you guys could download, but unfortunately, that website did not allow me to do so. So, I have used google documents instead now. Try to click on the link below, it will link you to a new page. Please revise for your dentition.
Dentition
Sorry for the late upload.
Regards
PS
Dentition
Sorry for the late upload.
Regards
PS
Monday 26 April 2010
Answers to Essay Questions on Nutrition
Food and Nutrition
Essay Questions
1. Water is an essential constituent (part of a whole) of living protoplasm (living part of a cell). About 70% of the body weight of a mammal is water.
• For transport- it is the main constituent of blood and body fluids and acts as a medium for the transport. Nutrients, waste substances, hormones etc are transported in solution.
• For chemical reactions to take place- a solvent for food substances during digestion (breaking down of complex food molecules to simple molecules); a solvent which act as a transport of materials in solution. Example: Transport digested food substances from the intestine to other parts of the body; excretory products from the tissue cells to the excretory organs for removal.
• For temperature regulation - Water helps to regulate the body temperature; excess body heat is removed by the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface. The cooling effect is vital in preventing overheating of the body.
• For lubrication- main constituents of the synovial fluid in synovial joints and mucus in alimentary canal.
2. Regular (daily), hard physical work – Example: Construction workers, workers who work under the sun for long hours.
- Doing hard physical work means that he should have a diet which provide sufficient energy to maintain his high basal metabolic rate and to sustain his strenuous manual activity at work.
- He should have a balanced diet, which consists of 7 constituents of food, in particular a high proportion of carbohydrates, proteins and water.
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy, e.g glucose is the main respiratory substrate, which is oxidized to produce immediate energy.
- Proteins for growth of new tissues and replacement of cell components and the formation of strong muscles, tendons and ligaments.
- Drinking more water replaces the water loss in sweat produced during the hard, physical activities and help to maintain a constant blood concentration.
3. Starvation occurs when there is a complete lack of all types of food for consumption or nutrition for the body over a long period of time due to food shortage.
Starvation results in a huge loss of body weight as storage of fats and proteins in muscles are broken down to provide energy for the vital functions of the body to continue.
Malnutrition is when a person whose diet lacks one or more essential constituents of a balanced diet, either having too much of certain kind of food or having too little of a certain kind of food.
4. Famine is when a country do not provide enough food for its population. Problems contribute to famine are that the large areas of the world especially developing countries do not produce enough food for its increasing population (overpopulation).
Poverty- when the country is too poor, even the cost of transporting food is too high for them. But in developing country, some do not have to pay for the transport. They could have grown their own crops. But without the education and knowledge to grow crops, food availability will provoke famines.
Failure of crops in massive scale due to drought, flood, earthquake and other natural disasters or due to diseases.
War or political instability- affects the distribution of food in that region where some parts may not receive any food at all for a long period.
Poor farming techniques- education on improved farming techniques.
Crop failures due to diseases- improve methods on developing disease resistant crops and disease control.
5. Examples of plants are vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, fruits.
Most vegetables and fruits especially high fibre vegetables such as broccoli and spinach contain indigestible cellulose cell wall which act as a fibre. The cellulose fibre, added to the bulk of food in the alimentary canal to assist peristaltic movement in the large intestine. This helps to prevent constipation hence reduce the risk of colon cancer.
6. Both carbohydrates and fats contain the three main elements which are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio of 2:1. Example: C6H12O6
Fats on the other hand contains much less oxygen than hydrogen. Example:
C57H110O6
The elements in fats do not have a general formula like carbohydrates.
8a. Components of a balanced diet contains the right amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamin, minerals, water and dietary fibre.
8b. Carbohydrates – Examples: bread, noodle, cakes, rice.
Importance of these carbohydrates in the functioning of the human body are:
It is the main and immediate source of energy.
To synthesise lubricants, e.g mucus which consists of a carbohydrate and a protein. The mucus lining the respiratory system in man traps dust particles.
Proteins- examples: meat, peas, beans.
It is a source of energy. It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues. For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies. It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Fats- act as a source of energy. It provides insulation.
9. Meat- consists of proteins, proteins act as a source of energy.
It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues.
For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies.
It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Beans consists of proteins and potatoes consists of carbohydrates.
Proteins act as a source of energy.
It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues.
For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies.
It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
• And carboydrates is the main and immediate source of energy.
• To synthesise lubricants, e.g mucus which consists of a carbohydrate and a protein.
• The mucus lining the respiratory system in man traps dust particles.
Fresh fruits contain fibre and vitamin C.
• Fibre aids in peristalsis in the large intestine and prevents constipation.
• Vitamin C helps to provide healthy gums and quick healing of wound and maintaining healthy epithelial tissues.
10. A balanced diet is a diet which contains the right amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre to meet the daily requirements of the body.
12. Constipation is caused by having too little food which consists of fibre in the diet and having too much of the other nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the diet.
(ii) Obesity means having too much certain types of food in the diet. It is caused by eating too much high energy food in the diet.
13. Rickets is caused by not having enough calcium in children or lacking of vitamin D in the diet.
Symptoms are: Weak bones, bones fractured easily, bow legs.
Essay Questions
1. Water is an essential constituent (part of a whole) of living protoplasm (living part of a cell). About 70% of the body weight of a mammal is water.
• For transport- it is the main constituent of blood and body fluids and acts as a medium for the transport. Nutrients, waste substances, hormones etc are transported in solution.
• For chemical reactions to take place- a solvent for food substances during digestion (breaking down of complex food molecules to simple molecules); a solvent which act as a transport of materials in solution. Example: Transport digested food substances from the intestine to other parts of the body; excretory products from the tissue cells to the excretory organs for removal.
• For temperature regulation - Water helps to regulate the body temperature; excess body heat is removed by the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface. The cooling effect is vital in preventing overheating of the body.
• For lubrication- main constituents of the synovial fluid in synovial joints and mucus in alimentary canal.
2. Regular (daily), hard physical work – Example: Construction workers, workers who work under the sun for long hours.
- Doing hard physical work means that he should have a diet which provide sufficient energy to maintain his high basal metabolic rate and to sustain his strenuous manual activity at work.
- He should have a balanced diet, which consists of 7 constituents of food, in particular a high proportion of carbohydrates, proteins and water.
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy, e.g glucose is the main respiratory substrate, which is oxidized to produce immediate energy.
- Proteins for growth of new tissues and replacement of cell components and the formation of strong muscles, tendons and ligaments.
- Drinking more water replaces the water loss in sweat produced during the hard, physical activities and help to maintain a constant blood concentration.
3. Starvation occurs when there is a complete lack of all types of food for consumption or nutrition for the body over a long period of time due to food shortage.
Starvation results in a huge loss of body weight as storage of fats and proteins in muscles are broken down to provide energy for the vital functions of the body to continue.
Malnutrition is when a person whose diet lacks one or more essential constituents of a balanced diet, either having too much of certain kind of food or having too little of a certain kind of food.
4. Famine is when a country do not provide enough food for its population. Problems contribute to famine are that the large areas of the world especially developing countries do not produce enough food for its increasing population (overpopulation).
Poverty- when the country is too poor, even the cost of transporting food is too high for them. But in developing country, some do not have to pay for the transport. They could have grown their own crops. But without the education and knowledge to grow crops, food availability will provoke famines.
Failure of crops in massive scale due to drought, flood, earthquake and other natural disasters or due to diseases.
War or political instability- affects the distribution of food in that region where some parts may not receive any food at all for a long period.
Poor farming techniques- education on improved farming techniques.
Crop failures due to diseases- improve methods on developing disease resistant crops and disease control.
5. Examples of plants are vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, fruits.
Most vegetables and fruits especially high fibre vegetables such as broccoli and spinach contain indigestible cellulose cell wall which act as a fibre. The cellulose fibre, added to the bulk of food in the alimentary canal to assist peristaltic movement in the large intestine. This helps to prevent constipation hence reduce the risk of colon cancer.
6. Both carbohydrates and fats contain the three main elements which are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio of 2:1. Example: C6H12O6
Fats on the other hand contains much less oxygen than hydrogen. Example:
C57H110O6
The elements in fats do not have a general formula like carbohydrates.
8a. Components of a balanced diet contains the right amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamin, minerals, water and dietary fibre.
8b. Carbohydrates – Examples: bread, noodle, cakes, rice.
Importance of these carbohydrates in the functioning of the human body are:
It is the main and immediate source of energy.
To synthesise lubricants, e.g mucus which consists of a carbohydrate and a protein. The mucus lining the respiratory system in man traps dust particles.
Proteins- examples: meat, peas, beans.
It is a source of energy. It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues. For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies. It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Fats- act as a source of energy. It provides insulation.
9. Meat- consists of proteins, proteins act as a source of energy.
It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues.
For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies.
It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Beans consists of proteins and potatoes consists of carbohydrates.
Proteins act as a source of energy.
It is for growth and repair of worn out cells and damaged tissues.
For the synthesis of enzymes and hormones and antibodies.
It is also for building up the body structures such as hair, nail, red blood cells, muscles, ligaments and tendons.
• And carboydrates is the main and immediate source of energy.
• To synthesise lubricants, e.g mucus which consists of a carbohydrate and a protein.
• The mucus lining the respiratory system in man traps dust particles.
Fresh fruits contain fibre and vitamin C.
• Fibre aids in peristalsis in the large intestine and prevents constipation.
• Vitamin C helps to provide healthy gums and quick healing of wound and maintaining healthy epithelial tissues.
10. A balanced diet is a diet which contains the right amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre to meet the daily requirements of the body.
12. Constipation is caused by having too little food which consists of fibre in the diet and having too much of the other nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the diet.
(ii) Obesity means having too much certain types of food in the diet. It is caused by eating too much high energy food in the diet.
13. Rickets is caused by not having enough calcium in children or lacking of vitamin D in the diet.
Symptoms are: Weak bones, bones fractured easily, bow legs.
Sunday 14 March 2010
Friday 26 February 2010
Answers to the following homework
Answers for the following are as follow:
Cell structure and organisation MCQ - 22 Questions
Cell structure MCQ
Unit 2: Diffusion and Osmosis- MCQ 43 Questions
Diffusion and Osmosis MCQ
Homework on Diffusion and Osmosis- 10 MCQ + 2 Structure Questions
Unit 2 Homework
Homework on Osmosis - Visking Tubing
Visking Tubing Exercise
Practical on examining the Onion Epidermis cell under the microscope
Examining onion epidermis cell under the microscope
Cell structure and organisation MCQ - 22 Questions
Cell structure MCQ
Unit 2: Diffusion and Osmosis- MCQ 43 Questions
Diffusion and Osmosis MCQ
Homework on Diffusion and Osmosis- 10 MCQ + 2 Structure Questions
Unit 2 Homework
Homework on Osmosis - Visking Tubing
Visking Tubing Exercise
Practical on examining the Onion Epidermis cell under the microscope
Examining onion epidermis cell under the microscope
Tuesday 23 February 2010
Test and New announcement
Happy National Day Students, good news for all of you though some of the classes already know about it.
MA 4M, MA 4N, MA 4O, test is postponed to 1st of March 2010, whereas for MA 4P, test will be on the 2nd of March 2010.
Extra class for MA 4O will be on the 25th February 2010, Thursday 1 to 2 pm whereas MA 4M will be on 25th February 2010, Thursday 2 to 3pm.
Please come to the extra class, attendance is compulsory.
Be prepared with all your notes, exercises anything I have given to you for the 9 weeks in a folder and let your friends know as some of you do not have the internet at home.
Regards
PS
MA 4M, MA 4N, MA 4O, test is postponed to 1st of March 2010, whereas for MA 4P, test will be on the 2nd of March 2010.
Extra class for MA 4O will be on the 25th February 2010, Thursday 1 to 2 pm whereas MA 4M will be on 25th February 2010, Thursday 2 to 3pm.
Please come to the extra class, attendance is compulsory.
Be prepared with all your notes, exercises anything I have given to you for the 9 weeks in a folder and let your friends know as some of you do not have the internet at home.
Regards
PS
Tuesday 16 February 2010
Topical Test 1
There will be a topical test on topic 1 and 2 on the 24th February 2010 for MA 4N, MA 4M and MA 4P, and where as for MA 4O, it will be on the 27th February 2010.
Please revise for the test, as this will be used as your grade for your report.
Cheers
PS
Please revise for the test, as this will be used as your grade for your report.
Cheers
PS
Notes on Topic 3: Enzyme
Please download the notes for Topic 3 by clicking on the link below. For those who wanted to print them yourself, please print it out before 22nd of Febuary 2010. As we are starting on topic 3 next week, 22nd Febuary 2010.
Topic 3: Enzyme
Topic 3: Enzyme
Wednesday 3 February 2010
Practical Sessions
Paper 3: Practical test ( 1 hr 15 mins)
This paper consists of two or three compulsory questions. 40 marks, weighing 25% of your overall GCE O'level Biology course.
Below is the link to the attachment on 'A guide of biological drawings'.
NOTE: All the drawings and labeling should be in pencil.
A Guide on Biological drawings
Practicals done:
Febuary
1. Drawing of Hibiscus leaf.
2. Examining and prepare slide of onion epidermis cell under the microscope
3. Preparation of slide on Elodea.
Marking Scheme for Elodea, please click on the link below.
Elodea Marking scheme
4. Osmosis- Potato in different sucrose solution.
5. Food test- S32, S33 and Solution A
This paper consists of two or three compulsory questions. 40 marks, weighing 25% of your overall GCE O'level Biology course.
Below is the link to the attachment on 'A guide of biological drawings'.
NOTE: All the drawings and labeling should be in pencil.
A Guide on Biological drawings
Practicals done:
Febuary
1. Drawing of Hibiscus leaf.
2. Examining and prepare slide of onion epidermis cell under the microscope
3. Preparation of slide on Elodea.
Marking Scheme for Elodea, please click on the link below.
Elodea Marking scheme
4. Osmosis- Potato in different sucrose solution.
5. Food test- S32, S33 and Solution A
Chapter 1: HW on Cell Structure and Organisation
These are the answers to the essay questions on the homework for cell structure. Please download the attachment if you have missed the discussion/correction during the class.
Homework on Cell
Homework on Cell
Topic 2: Movement of molecules notes used in class
Please click on the link below and save/open the file for the coloured diagrams. Since I have printed the notes for all of you, please pay me with the book when the book arrives.
Topic 2 Notes used in class
Topic 2 Notes used in class
Welcoming note
I have decided to create a blog for the upcoming chapter notes and presentation notes.
Please feel free to drop any comments here if you are too shy to do so in the classroom.
Any enquiries or problems related about any topics which I have taught you before and you still do not understand are welcome, also my teaching strategies, any improvement which you want me to make for your own benefits are also welcome or any criticism, whether I am going too slow, or too fast or is it boring you, please let me know.
Let us all learn together. No matter how small the deed is, it really does makes a difference.
Cheers
Ping Sing
Please feel free to drop any comments here if you are too shy to do so in the classroom.
Any enquiries or problems related about any topics which I have taught you before and you still do not understand are welcome, also my teaching strategies, any improvement which you want me to make for your own benefits are also welcome or any criticism, whether I am going too slow, or too fast or is it boring you, please let me know.
Let us all learn together. No matter how small the deed is, it really does makes a difference.
Cheers
Ping Sing
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